ABSTRACT
El Modelo de formación docente favorece la construcción de itinerarios personales de enseñanza, que comprende componentes, dimensiones y unidades autocontenidas de aprendizaje. la organización por itinerarios personales de aprendizaje plantea la necesidad de generar una nueva organización académica estableciendo tejidos vinculantes entre la formación, la investigación y la gestión social del conocimiento, que se concreta en el espacio educativo y crea nuevas unidades epistémicas dirigidas a la comprensión articulada y transdisciplinaria del ejercicio docente en Farmacia, esta propuesta tendrá como resultado más evidente en la generación de recursos didácticos digitales a través de esquemas de trabajo cooperantes. El modelo favorece el diseño de modelos pedagógicos que promueven el aprendizaje creador y la autonomía en el estudiante. La reorganización de la experiencia educativa. Cabe destacar que en momento actual se está aplicando, pero aún no egresa la primera generación de profesores.
The teacher training model promote the construction of personal itineraries for teaching, which includes components, dimensions and self-contained learning units. The organization for Personal Itineraries of Learning raises the need to generate a new academic organization establishing binding fabrics between training, research and social knowledge management, which takes shape in the educational space and creates new epistemic units aimed at articulated understanding and transdisciplinary teaching in pharmacy, the principal result is the generation of digital teaching resources through cooperative work schemes. The model favors the design of pedagogical models that promote creative learning and student autonomy. The educational experience reorganization Social responsibility, and the appropriation of digital skills and the development of complex thinking skills for self-management of learning.
Subject(s)
Research , Knowledge , Teacher Training , Faculty , Health Resources , LearningABSTRACT
Resumen: La Parálisis Cerebral (PC) es un grupo de trastornos pre, post y perinatales permanentes del desarrollo, movimiento y postura debidos a alteraciones no progresivas ocurridas durante el desarrollo cerebral, producto de lesiones del Sistema Nervioso Central. Debido a la importancia del uso del miembro superior en las actividades de la vida diaria, es importante considerar formas eficientes de medir el desempeño motor de este miembro en los pacientes con PC. Una forma de obtener la evaluación del miembro torácico es grabando movimientos definidos y calculando la suavidad de los mismos, utilizando un tablero seleccionador de figuras instrumentado. Nuestro objetivo es desarrollar un protocolo de valoración para el miembro superior, que a su vez sea objetivo, eficiente y que otorgue una medición cuantitativa del grado de afectación motora de los niños con PC en un entorno clínico.
Abstract: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a group of permanent pre, post and perinatal disorders of the motor and posture development due to non-progressive alterations in brain's natural development caused by injuries in the Central Nervous System. Due to the importance of the daily use of the upper limb members, it's important to consider more efficient ways to evaluate the performance in patients diagnosed with CP. One way to obtain an evaluation of the performance of the thoracic member is recording defined movements and calculating the smoothness, using an instrumented sorting block box. Our objective is to create a protocol of valuation for the upper member that is objective, efficient and that gives a quantitative feedback of the grade of the motor affectation of child with PC in a clinical environment.
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AIM: To report the use of intravitreal bevacizumab associated with cataract surgery to prevent the re-activation of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD).METHODS: Twelve eyes from 12 patients who had been previously treated for wet AMD and presented cataracts were operated on by clear cornea phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation, and an intravitreal injection of 1.25mg (0.05mL) bevacizumab was performed by the end of the procedure. The results were evaluated in terms of visual acuity improvement and reactivation of CNV, as determined by the appearance of fluid in optical coherence tomography (OCT). RESULTS: Best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA) significantly improved after surgery (P<0.01 and P=0.049 for BCVA after CNV closure and BCVA after cataract development respectively, Student's t test for paired data). Mean follow-up after cataract surgery was 11.8 months (SD 6.1, range 3 to 22 months). CNV reactivation or appearance of new CNV lesions was not observed in any case during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal bevacizumab immediately after cataract surgery may prevent CNV reactivation in patients previously treated from CNV secondary to AMD.
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AIM: To report the appearance of choriocapillaris atrophy after combined high dose intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (TA) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) to treat choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with age related macular degeneration (AMD).METHODS: The present study was retrospective about non-randomized interventional case series. Fifty-one consecutive eyes with subfoveal (all types) CNV associated with AMD were treated by PDT and intravitreal (19.4±2.1)mg per 0.1mL TA at the Alicante Institute of Ophthalmology. The appearance of macular choriocapillaris and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy was considered at two years follow-up. Thirty consecutive eyes treated by PDT alone, matched for age, sex, and type and size of CNV were considered as control group. RESULTS: Twenty-one of 47 eyes in the study group (45%) and 7 of 30 eyes in the control group (23%) developed macular RPE and choriocapillaris atrophy in the treated area at month 24 (P =0.04, Chi-square test). The greatest diameter of the atrophic areas averaged (5 044±1 666)μm in the study groupvs(4 345±1 550)μm in the control group. Mean final best corrected visual acuity (logarithm of minimal angle of resolution) was (0.87±033) in the cases with RPE atrophyvs(0.66±0.26) in the cases with no RPE atrophy in the study group (P=011, Mann-Whitney U test). CONCLUSION: The association of high doses of intravitreal TA and PDT may increase the risk for RPE and choriocapillaris atrophy.
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AIM: To report two cases whose decreased visual acuity was the first symptom of leukaemia and optical coherence tomography (OCT) allowed identification and localization of the retinal lesions.METHODS: Retrospective, interventional, case reports. RESULTS: One case of lymphoblastic acute leukaemia and chronic lymphoid leukaemia were diagnosed following decreased visual acuity. OCT showed macular serous detachment in the first case. The second case presented hypo fluorescent retinal infiltrates which appeared as hyper reflective lesions by OCT. Retinal changes disappeared and visual acuity was recovered following complete remission of the neoplasm.CONCLUSION: OCT is a valuable, non invasive diagnostic tool permitting detection, localization and follow-up of ocular dissemination of neoplasms.
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AIM: To report the demographic characteristics of a sample of population affected by exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the region of Castilla-Leon (North-Central Spain), and to compare them with a group of population of the same age and from the same geographic area.METHODS: In this observational, prospective study, AMD patients attending a regional reference clinic for photodynamic therapy were interviewed. The patients reported their medical history for high blood pressure, hyperlipemia and smoking habit. Iris color was examined and classified as fight (green, blue and grey) or dark (hazel, brown, black).RESULTS: A total of 343 patients were interviewed. Mean age at onset was 74.9 years (range 55 to 93), Among whom 64.5% were female and 35.5% male. Iris color was rated as light in 45.1% of the patients. Arterial hypertension (AH) was present in 50% of the cases and 15.3% were on treatment for hypercholesterolemia, and 30.2% of the patients were smokers or had quit smoking (80.9% of males).CONCLUSION: The frequency of light colored iris is higher among patients with exudative AMD. In our series, other risk factors for exudative AMD were smoking habit in males, not being on treatment for hypercholesterolemia and being female.
ABSTRACT
· AIM: To determine the influence of topical anaesthetic drops, age and central corneal thickness (CCT) in the determination of intraocular pressure (IOP) by non contact tonometry (NCT). · METHODS: Ninety-three eyes from 47 patients were examined for CCT and lOP by NCT before and after the instillation of topical anaesthetic drops.· RESULTS: Average age was 66.4 (SD 16, range 34 to 88years-of-age). Thirty one patients were female and 16 were male. Average basal IOP was 16.0 mmHg (SD 4.0, range 8.5to 26.1). IOP pressure one minute after topical anesthesia instillation was 15.0 mmHg (SD 3.8, range 7.7 to 26.7), and 14.9 mm Hg (SD 3.9, range 7.6 to 26.3) five minutes after the instillation. The differences were statistically significant for the 0 to 1 minute lapse (P=0.0007) and for the 0 to 5minute lapse (P=0.0003), but not for the 1 to 5 minute lapse (P=0.27) (Student's t test for paired data). Average CCT before topical anaesthetic drops was 565.4 microns. Simple linear regression analysis demonstrated absence of significant variation between age and IOP changes and between CCT and IOP changes,· CONCLUSION: Our study confirms that the instillation of topical anaesthetics causes a reduction in IOP, which is progressive during the first 5 minutes after instillation. This IOP reduction does not seem to be associated with basal CCT or age.
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El virus de la hepatitis C (HCV) ha demostrado ser el agente responsable de una importante proporción de casos de hepatitis entre pacientos con exposición parenteral frecuente. En este trabajo, estudiamos la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos anti-HCV en 48 pacientes hemodializados y politransfundidos, 42 de los cuales recibieron 11,2 transfusiones en promedio durante el tratamiento. Los pacientes fueron estratificados en cuatro grupos según el número de transfusiones recibidas (<6-9, 10-5 y > 15 transfusiones), y se utilizaron cocientes de Odds para estimar el riesgo de presentar a anticuerpos anti-HCV para cada grupo en relación con el grupo menos expuesto. De los pacientes transfundidos, 59 por ciento presentaron anticuerpos anti-HCV. Estratificados según el número de transfusiones estos porcentajes fueron de 16 por ciento, 66 por ciento, 62,5 por ciento y 100 por ciento respectivamente. En conclusión, hallamos una elevada seroprevalencia de anticuerpos anti HCV, significativamente mayor en aquellos pacientes que recibieron mayor número de transfusiones. Nuestros resultados concuerdan estrechamente con estudios realizados en Córdoba, y destacan la necesidad de estudiar las unidades de sangre para descartar aquellas que presenten anticuerpos contra HCV
Subject(s)
Humans , Hepatitis Antibodies/immunology , Blood Transfusion/adverse effects , Hepatitis Viruses/immunology , Renal Dialysis , Hepatitis C/complications , Hepatitis C/transmission , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
El Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico (LES) y la infección por el virus HIV-1 presentan algunas manifestaciones clínicas y de laboratorio similares, las que pueden inducir errores en el diagnóstico diferencial entre ambas entidades. En el presente trabajo se analizan cinco casos clínicos: dos enfermos con LES que presentaban serología falsamente positiva para HIV-1, y tres enfermos de SIDA que en algún momento de su evolución reunieron 4 o más criterios de la American Rheumatism Association, indicativos de LES. Se sugiere que las determinaciones de los anticuerpos anti-HIV-1 se realicen por no menos de tres técnicas diferentes en los pacientes que reúnan datos clínicos sugestivos de LES, reservando del HIV-1, confirmada mediante detección directa o técnicas de hibridación nuclear, debería considerarse criterio de exclusión para el diagnóstico de LES
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Female , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis , Blotting, Western , Diagnosis, Differential , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , HIV Antibodies/analysis , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complicationsABSTRACT
We present a case of chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CCLE) in a patient who subsequently became infected with human immunodeficiency virus, HIV-1. The symptoms attributed to CCLE had persisted for years, and curiously had disappeared by the time the patient probably became infected with HIV-1. Even if there is lack of evidence to consider HIV-1 infection as direct causative agent in the clinical remission of CCLE, this response is in accordance with previous reports from other authors, regarding the attenuating role of HIV on the clinical course of the systemic lupus erythematosus. Even if the number of reported cases is very low it is of the upmost importance to establish whether this hypothesis is correct or not, since both diseases present great difficulties regarding diagnosis, due to the important overlapping between symptoms and serological tests.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous/complications , HIV Infections/complications , Chronic DiseaseABSTRACT
Se presenta el caso de un niño de cuatro meses de edad, nacido de una madre en un estado avanzavdo de infección por el HIV, en quien se desarrolló un cuadro clínico compartible con SIDA que cumplía con la definición de caso clínico del CDC. En lo que hace al mecanismo probable de transmisión de la enfermedad, este niño nacido por cesárea no recibió en ningun momento sangre ni hemoderivados; no fue amamantado ni estuvo expuesto a punciones accidentales con material contaminado por sangre materna, y se siguieron normas estríctas tendientes a evitar todo contacto con sangre o secreciones potencialmente infectantes. Consideramos que lo más probable haya sido la transmisión madre-hijo en la vida intrauterina
Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adult , Humans , Male , Female , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/etiology , Blotting, Western , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , HIV Antibodies/analysis , Lymphocyte Subsets/cytologySubject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis , Argentina , Risk Groups , Serologic TestsABSTRACT
Se presentan las bases para la organización de un instructivo de la historia clínica codificada para la sexualidad femenina, cuyo contenido se distribuye en 15 capitulos. Se presenta el formato completo de dicha historia clínica
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Sexual BehaviorABSTRACT
Dentro de la patologia urológica, la estenosis uretral masculina es uno de los capítulos que mayores controversias sucita. Básicamente han sido tres las fórmulas propuestas en su terapéutica: dilataciones periódicas, uretrotomia ciega y numerosisimas técnicas de uretroplastia cruenta. Durante la última década y merced sobre todo a los trabajos desarrollados por Sachse, la uretrotomia interna, bajo visión directa y con corte frio, ha surgido con fuerza mostrándose, cada vez más, como alternativa validad frente a otros procederes más agresivos. . Presentamos en esta revisión, los resultados obtenidos en 45 pacientes tratados con esta técnica
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Urethral Stricture/surgery , MethodsABSTRACT
Se indican las caracteristicas esenciales del metodo de la HiCN para la medicion cuantitativa de Hb. Se hace ver la importancia del diluente de Van Kampen y Zijestra (VKZ), para tales efectos y la aplicabilidad de las soluciones patron para la calibracion de los fotometros. En detalle se especifica la preparacion nacional del patron concentrado de HiCN (CIANO-CIHATA)y del hemolizado control (HEMOCIHATA).Finalmente se propone un practico programa de control de calidad y se indica un colorario sobre los errores sistematicos en los que se puede incurrir en la hemoglobinometria
Subject(s)
Hemoglobins , Reference Standards , Quality ControlABSTRACT
Informe de la practica de pregrado en administracion de servicios de enfermeria en areas rurales realizada en San Juan de Rioseco (Cundinamarca), aplicando el "proceso de enfermeria" describe el estado de la salud de la region, la organizacion de los servicios de salud, y los programas de salud para la comunidad, y analizando los aspectos positivos y negativos de cada uno de ellos formula el diagnostico de enfermeria: deficiencia en el sistema de educacion en salud a la comunidad, resultando en uso inadecuado de los servicios ofertados manifestado por bajos porcentajes de cobertura y bajos indices ocupacionales. Propone un programa de acciones y actividades de enfermeria, presenta el cronograma de implementacion y la evaluacion del mismo. Anexa el registro de actividades realizadas durante la practica.
Subject(s)
Hospitals, Rural , Nursing Process , Health Services/organization & administration , Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Health Status Indicators , National Health Programs , Nursing Assessment , Nursing Diagnosis , Nursing ServicesABSTRACT
En una poblacion de origen italiano que radica en el canton de Coto Brus, Puntarenas, se pudo detectar la presencia de dos casos de beta-tal menor en 64 individuos estudiados. Para el escrutinio y caracterizacion definitiva del fenotipo talasemico se siguio con protocolos ampliamente estudiados en el CIHATA. No se encontro ningun caso deficiente en G6PD ni la presencia de Hbs anormales